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The car's presidential State of the United States is the car that the U.S. President, his family, his staff and Secret Service agents door. And 'the official state car of the President of the United States. The vehicle is a traditional saloon and is the ground version of Air Force One. It's called Cadillac One. The vehicle is used: 2005 Cadillac DTS (DeVille Touring Sedan), the armored protection to the President. The first time was the vehicle was used on20th January 2005 during the inauguration, according to President George W. Bush and intelligence refers to the vehicle as "the Beast".

The vehicle is not open windows, has run flat, and reinforced military grade 5 inches thick and five antennas mounted to the stem. The interior has a fluorescent light, because the windows are tinted and have no natural light inside. The vehicle has room for seven people, including the President. This is aConsole communication system mounted in front of the vehicle. The vehicle, once transported to other countries, driven by a United States Air Force C-17 Globemaster III. When the president visited a foreign country, the flag in front of the presidential flag of the United States on the front of the car is flying the flag of the country, which will go when replaced.

There are similar sedans, which are managed by the U.S. government to help, VIP transportGuests visiting heads of government and heads of state. As president, Barack Obama on Jan. 20 opened in 2009, a new vehicle used for carrying Obama and his family. It 'produced by GM and have a specific model name. The vehicle will be called '2009 Cadillac Presidential limousine. "

The State President of the presidential race car in the procession, composed of 35 other vehicles when traveling out of town. The limousine that PresidentTravel to keep the secret services, while the parade vehicles to be maintained the support of the White House Military Office. In the parade, there are two Chevrolet Suburban that the President will also be traveling in a limousine. Each of the vehicles, the seals on the sides of the Executive Committee.

The first president to travel by car was President William McKinley. The vehicle owned by the first government was a Stanley Steamer, and was used during PresidentPresident Theodore Roosevelt. President William Howard Taft was the first president to use a vehicle that has been stored in the garage of the White House. The first president was driving a Cadillac in President Woodrow Wilson during a parade for winning the first World War, President Warren Harding was the first president to ride in a car for his inauguration. The car was a Packard Twin Six. The Presidential State Car is comparable, for its security purposes, the popemobile. This protects the popemobilePope or the highest standard of living head of the Catholic Church.

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The legal question of adding "under God" should focus on the intentions of the Knights of Columbus, Congress and the President of the United States.

The first change in the U.S. Constitution reads:

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise or abridging freedom of speech or the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government forRemedy grievances.

Today, the Knights of Columbus are described as follows:

The work was "the strong right arm of the Church" and was by popes, presidents and other world leaders have promised to support the Church, programs of evangelization and Catholic education, civic involvement and aid to the needy.

1954 – Distribution of "spiritual weapons":

In 1954, the intentions of the Knights of Columbus, Congress andThe President has pursued two objectives:

1) To promote a monotheistic faith.

• In 1954 President Dwight D. Eisenhower approved adding the words "under God". As authorized this change, said: "In this way we have in reaffirming the transcendence of religious faith in America's heritage and future are, by this means we must constantly strengthen the spiritual weapons which forever war in our country resource most powerful and peace. "

? Following August 21, 1952, the SupremeCouncil of the Knights of Columbus at its annual meeting approved a resolution calling for the change That was education and sent copies of this resolution shall be submitted to the President, the Vice President (as chairman of the Senate) and Speaker of the House of Representatives. The National Fraternal Congress meeting in Boston September 24, 1952, adopted a similar resolution on the recommendation of its President, Supreme Knight Luke E. Hart. Several State Fraternal Congresses actedSimilarly, almost immediately thereafter.

• During its annual meeting next year, August 20, 1953 reaffirmed the Supreme Council of the Knights of Columbus its resolution to amend the pledge of allegiance to the flag and make copies of this general solution to the President, Vice President, Speaker of the House, and each member of both Houses of Congress. From this latter action, many positive responses were obtained, and seventeen resolutionswere introduced in the House of Representatives to amend the oath of allegiance, as will the public's right to the flag. The resolution by Congress Louis C. Rabaut of Michigan introduced adopted by both houses of Congress, and was by President Eisenhower on Flag Day, 14 signed in June 1954 prior to the official exchange designed, financed and built by the Knights of Columbus more than three years.

• In a message to SupremeKnight Luke E. Hart at the meeting of the Supreme Council of Louisville, August 17, 1954, President Eisenhower, in recognition of the initiative of the Knights of Columbus in originating and sponsoring the amendment to the Pledge of Allegiance, said:

We are particularly grateful for your role in the movement to have the words "under God" added to our Pledge of Allegiance. I remember these words is that Americans, despite our great physical strength we must remain humble. They areHelp us continuously forever in our minds and hearts the spiritual and moral principles, human dignity only to give, and on which our life is founded. made for the contribution of your organization on this issue, we really appreciate it. "

2) McCarthyism – was known by definition, the days of McCarthy is that one was an atheist communist. Sun swear to believe in God, automatically eliminates the possibility of a "Communist."

Supreme Court Judge:

Pursuant to Title 28, Chapter I, Section 453 of the Code of the United States last year, a judge of the Supreme Court the following oath:

"I, [name] solemnly swear (or affirm) that I can read without regard for persons and do equal right to the poor and rich, and I faithfully and impartially discharge and lead all the duties incumbent upon me as [TITLE] under the Constitution and lawsUnited States. So help me God. "

It gives us an interesting point that the judiciary to enforce the law and leave the "So help me God" is part of their oath. This stems from the fact that the U. S. Constitution, Article VI, Section II states explicitly that "no religious test shall ever be required as a security to any office or public trust under the" United States ".

What is the Lemon test?

The test came as a lemonResult of a case, Lemon v. Kurtzman, the Supreme Court in 1971, has gone before. The test consists of three components. If any of these three tests is violated, the government's actions as unconstitutional under the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States.

The Lemon test asks whether to run the government:

1) has a secular purpose,

2) Forced – has the primary effect that neither advances nor inhibits religion

3) Recognition- Promotes an excessive entanglement of religion.

The 9th Circuit Court applied the Lemon test, courts Newdow had the following conclusions.

Secular purpose:

The 9th Circuit, the test identified that the test oath of allegiance stumbles in one part of lemon. By adding the words "under God" in a 1954 law amending the pledge. The reason for this is that the only purpose of Congress' religion was ahead in order to differentiatethe United States from nations under Communist rule. "Since the purpose of those words have not received the layman, the Court held that the test failed one part of lemon Pledge.

Coercion Test:

Although the Court recognized that a student is not obliged to participate in the pledge of allegiance, how), headquartered in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (319 U.S. 624, 1943, the Court held that students, especially before a young age, can not understand thatthey can not follow their teachers and fellow students when reciting the pledge of allegiance. The Court also states that "the mere fact that a particular student is required to hear every day the phrase" one nation under God "has a binding effect." As such, 9 In place of the circuit that the practice of reciting the pledge is the use of coercive measures as inadmissible miss Part 2 of the Lemon test.

Entanglement test:

The Court explained that inserting the words "under God" in Pledge of AllegianceAllegiance codified, federal government, "takes an illegal position in relation to purely religious question of the existence and identity of God." The duty of public school teachers to lead pupils in the recitation of the pledge, "the 9th Circuit, which is to impress the teacher, and approved, the ideals set forth in the Pledge of Allegiance. The inclusion of" under God " and the subsequent participation of teachers in the LED statesThe Court held that the practice fails part question 3, the test of recognition.

Entanglement of the passions:

One of the biggest problems in connection with this case and others, as is, That there are a large number of Americans right now that whatever led to believe that the words "under God" should Remain because they are Americans. "While this opinion may have the appearance of truth for some, is not true for all Americans. The involvementThe passion with the law is what is leading to erosion of religious freedom, and if reason and logic are the right tools for the job. Moreover, the passionate feelings or beliefs have absolutely nothing to do with the law, unless you commit a violent crime passion as "an act of". The bottom line is that there is absolutely no relevance to this case or cases, as it is.

Commitment to truth

We can not choose what is and what is not true. AsAmericans have an obligation to the truth, even if we feel uncomfortable. So, as Americans, we believe need to educate our citizens, our elected representatives, the press and the religious right in this well-documented facts. We can not simply sit back, while a deliberate disinformation campaign conducted by well-funded groups and ill-conceived attempt to undermine the U.S. Constitution.

The well-documented historical evidence is very clear about theIntent, proof of the will and law enforcement that existed originally applied Lemon test and then to all the three parties des

The Supreme Court has a solemn duty to the Constitution and not to exercise their religious beliefs in the first and who have sworn an oath. Need support and tell the world that "America is the land of the church is above the law for everyone." IfNewdow case crush or fallen in any case, they will not qualify for the victims of every American in every war to defend the Constitution and the American way of life.

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